کتاب پایه های اتیولوژی (کردار شناسی) – کنراد لرنز – دانلود رایگان
کتاب پایه های اتیولوژی (کردار شناسی) – کنراد لرنز
foundations of ethology
by Konrad Z. Lorenz
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فهرست مطالب کتاب پایه های اتیولوژی (کردار شناسی) – کنراد لرنز
Introductory History
Thinking in Biological Terms
The Methodology of Biology and Particularly
The Non Obtrusive Experiment
The Deprivation Experiment
The Relatively Entirety Independent Component
The Fallacies of Non System Oriented Methods
Explanatory Monism
Integrating Effect of the Instinct Hierarchy
Interaction between Motor Patterns
Motor Patterns Not Specific to the System
Chapter Summary
Mechanisms Exploiting Instant Information
The Regulating Cycle or Homeostasis
Excitability
Kinesis
Operationalism and Explanatory Monism of the Behaviorist School
The Comparative Method
Criteria of Taxa
The Hypothesis of Growth
Homology and Its Criteria
The Number of Characteristics as a Criterion of Homology
Convergent Adaptation
Analogy as a Source of Knowledge
Homoiology
The Changing Value of Single Characteristics
The Difficulties and the Importance of Microsystematics
The Origin of Ethology
Chapter Summary
Part Two Genetically Programmed Behavior
The Centrally Coordinated Movement or Fixed Motor Pattern
Differences in Intensity
Qualitatively Identical Excitation Activating Different Motor Patterns
Unity of Motivation
The Method of Dual Quantification
Action Specific Fatigue
Threshold Lowering of Releasing Stimuli
Effects Obscuring the Accumulation of Action Specific Excitability
Vacuum Activity
Appetitive Behavior
Threshold Lowering and Appetitive Behavior in Avoidance
Driving and Being Driven
Neurophysiology of Spontaneity
Analogies of Function in Neural Elements and Integrated Systems
Chapter Summary
Afferent Processes
Limits to the Functions of IRMs
IRM and the Releaser
An Important Rule of Thumb
IRMs Rendered More Selective by Learning
The Problem of the Stimulus
Analogous Phenomena in Integrated Neural Systems
ActionSpecific Potential ASP
The Behavior Mechanisms Already Described Built into Complex Systems
Searching Automatism
Hierarchical Systems
The Relative Hierarchy of Moods
The Locus of Superior Command Obergeordnete Kommandostelle
How Unitary Is An Instinct?
The Multiplicity of Motivations
Topical Response or Taxis
Telotaxis or Fixating
Temporal Orientation
Navigation by Sextant and Chronometer
Taxis and the Fixed Motor Pattern
Taxis and Insight
Multiple Motivation in Behavior
Superposition
Mutual Inhibition and Alternation
Displacement Activities
Part Three Adaptive Modification of Behavior
Modification
Analogous Processes in Embryogenesis
Learning as an Adaptive Modification
Learning Without Association
Habituation or Stimulus Adaptation
Learning Through Association Without Feedback Reporting Success
Habituation Linked with Association
Becoming Accustomed or Habit Formation
The Conditioned Reflex Proper or Conditioning with Stimulus Selection
Avoidance Responses Acquired Through Trauma
Imprinting
Conditioned Inhibition
Chapter Summary
Learning Effected by the Consequences of Behavior
Minimum Complication of the System
Conditioned Appetitive Behavior
Conditioned Aversion
Conditioned Action
Conditioned Appetitive Behavior Directed at Quiescence
Operant Conditioning In the Sense Here Advocated
Chapter Summary
Motor Learning Voluntary Movement and Insight
So Called Voluntary Movement
Voluntary Movement and Insight
Exploratory Behavior or Curiosity
The Autonomous Motivation of Exploratory Behavior
Latent Knowledge
Objectivity
Play
Curiosity Play Research and Art
Afterword to Part Three
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